The goals of this workshop are to (1) obtain an update on recent developments in the fields of basic immunology, immune responses to neglected tropical disease (NTD)-causing agents, and pathogenic mechanisms of NTDs; (2) determine what are the knowledge gaps and under-emphasized research areas for certain diseases that may not be receiving particular emphasis and how to stimulate research in these areas; and (3) develop a prioritized future research agenda for these areas. Results will be published in the form of a report that could serve as a guide for donors and sponsors to prepare RFAs and for scientists to refocus their research efforts.